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Aug. 20, 2021
Supply Chain Digest Flagship Newsletter

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This Week in SCDigest

bullet The "Probability" of Supply Chain ROI 2021 bullet SCDigest On-Target e-Magazine
bullet Supply Chain Graphic & by the Numbers for the Week bullet New Stock Index
bullet

New Chain Cartoon Caption Contest!

bullet Trivia      bullet Feedback
bullet New Expert Column bullet On Demand Videocasts
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New Report: Understanding WMS in the Cloud 2021

 

 

Lessons Learned as the Number of Cloud WMS Deployments Accelerate

 

 


first thought

SUPPLY CHAIN NEWS BITES

Supply Chain Graphic
of the Week
Building a Logistics Control Tower

This Week's Supply Chain

by the Numbers

Big Sign-on Bonuses at Amazon Sortation Hub
Container Volumes Soaring at Most US Ports
US Manufacturing Rises in July, still Down from Pre-Pandemic
Amazon Dept. Stores?

 

NEW CARTOON CAPTION CONTEST!

July 28, 2021 Contest


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Supply Chain Stock Index

 


   


ONTARGET e-MAGAZINE
 This Week's SCDigest OnTarget Newsletter

Cartoon, Top SCDigest Stories of the Week


EXPERT INSIGHT

 

Dr. Madhav Durbha

VP of Supply Chain Strategy
Coupa Software

2021 - The Year to Build

Supply Chain Resiliency


The Supply Chain Will Take Center Stage in the Business Agenda for This Year


 


TRIVIA QUESTION
What are the Top 5 US Companies in Terms of Size of Their Private Fleets?
Answer Found at the
Bottom of the Page



 

The "Probability" of Supply Chain ROI 2021

I am on vacation this week, so I am publishing again one of my favorite First Thoughts columns of all-time, on measuring ROI from supply chan investments, especilly around new technology.

 

It's from all the way back in 2010, but just as relevant today. So here we go:

 

GILMORE SAYS:


WHAT DO YOU SAY?'

This is the real world. Investments do have a probability curve, as both logic and real world outcomes makes clear

Send us your
Feedback here

Here may be a bit of a shocker - the way most of us have thought about ROI calculation is simply all wrong.

The way most of us in both business and at solution providers have been taught to calculate ROI is to add up the costs of the project and line them up against the financial benefits over some period of time. That leads to any one of a number of methods to determine ROI, whether it is a simple payback period calculation, internal rate of return, discounted cash flow, etc.

There is much to discuss even with these approaches (for example, what should be included in both cost and benefit categories?). But for today's purposes, I will note all these usual methods have something in common: the end result is usually a single number, such as an internal rate of return expected to be 22.5% or something like that. That number must pass a company's given ROI threshold in any particular budget cycle to be funded.

But, as I heave learned from a man named Doug Hubbard of Hubbard Decision Research, it is actually somewhat silly to think about ROI as a single number, for all kinds of reasons.

It is instead much better to think about ROI for a project as a probability curve. The absolute reality is that there are a range of potential financial outcomes that are possible for a given initiative.

Understanding those probabilities for potential success or less than success is critical to considering ROI. Some investments, for a variety of reasons, are more risky in terms of achieving the expected return; others are less so.

As just one example of this concept, Hubbard's long years of doing work in IT-related projects have shown that internally developed software has a greater probability of failing to meet expectations than projects using commercial packages. You can agree with that assessment or not, but assuming for a minute this is true, what it says is that for a given project that involves a make or buy decision, you could have options that both have nearly identical "one number" ROIs (say both with internal rates of return of 24%), but which would have very different probabilities of achieving that number. The internally developed systems have more risk.

As shown in one of our Supply Chain Graphics of the Week, what seems to me the real power of this type of analysis is that you can understand the investment and its range of potential outcomes at a much more accurate and interesting level.

For example, there is the obvious analysis of estimating the likelihood that a given investment will achieve its expected return, which we can also think of as "the most likely" result.

Further, by using this approach a company can also estimate the probability that the project will exceed the company's hurdle rate, or the likelihood that it will at least have a positive return. A company may be more likely to approve a project where the likelihood of at least achieving a positive return is high, as another example of how this can work.

These kinds of analyses can help better understand the risk-reward trade-off of potential investments, and even lead to rethinking some aspects of a potential project to reduce risk and shift the curve to the right, if you will.

As an easy example, high levels of supply chain software customization unquestionably add risk. In the past, that risk often involve outright failure; today, it is more often related to problems that lead to delays in getting the software to work right and therefore to start achieving positive cash flow. So, even if the theoretic return is higher with the customizations, the trade-off may look much less favorable when the risk is considered. While we may all understand that intuitively, this approach offers a better way to quantify that.

This really is a better way. Investments do have a probability curve, as both logic and real world outcomes makes clear (meaning the actual ROIs for any type of supply chain investment vary all over the place across companies). The likelihood of well exceeding the most likely ROI is usually small, so the curve usually starts to drop off pretty rapidly to the right of that number. How the curve looks to the left is often the key.

 

Of course, it takes some skill to develop this approach, but it is not as hard as you may think. Hubbard has a specific method he uses to determine the likelihood of various outcomes, and then uses a Monte Carlo simulation to develop the curve (Monte Carlo simulation is very brief summary is a method that uses a sort of random number generation to simulate hundreds or thousands of occurences).


It would require more space than I have hear to do real justice to this, but for example, let's say in a transportation management system (TMS) project, your confidence in reducing total logistics headcount through efficiency gains may be higher than it is over how much you will save from load optimization, or whatever. This insight is used to measure and build the probability model. One has a confidence factor of 80%; the other, maybe 50%. This kind of info can be used to generate an overall probability curve.

It's unquestionably a more complicated approach than the traditional methods for ROI calculation. Some managers and/or their companies will find a "one number" approach is just more suited to their temperament and liking. This approach requires nuance; the other more "certainty." Clearly, the ROI models and methodologies for ROI calculation used by supply chain technology vendors are almost universally "one number" oriented, and those often provide a basis for the company's own calculations.

Companies sometimes utilize a mini-version of this approach in a sense, such as presenting three scenarios for ROI and/or cost savings; often, this involves presenting "most likely," "best case" and "worst case" scenarios. This is better than just one number, I suppose, but it begs the question: What is the likelihood of each possibility?

I was told five years or so ago by a senior manager at Dell that his company at the time used a methodology much like this. Not sure if that is still the case at Dell. I would be very curious to know if any of our readers out there and/or their companies use anything similar in estimating potential ROI.

I am out of space. Hope I was clear, and more on this soon. To better understand this, it is quite helpful to view the graphics.

At least, I hope you will agree it is fundamentally a better approach, even if it may be too much for many companiesto take on (though I will repeat it is not as hard as you may think). But even then, just thinking this way can improve even traditional approaches to ROI calculation, in my opinion.

What is your reaction to the idea of probability-based ROI analysis? Like it or not? Like the , but it seems too hard? Has your company ever used anything similar? Are there other approaches? Let us know your thoughts at the Feedback button below



 

On Demand Videocast:

Understanding Distributed Order Management

Highlights from the New "Little Book of Distributed Order Management"

In this outstanding Videocast, we'll discuss DOM, based on the new Little Book of Distributed Order Management, written by our two Videocast presenters.


Featuring Dan Gilmore, Editor along with Satish Kumar, VP Client Services, Softeon

Now Available On Demand

On Demand Videocast:

The Grain Drain: Large-Scale Grain Port Terminal Optimization

The Constraints and Challenges of Planning and Implementing Port Operations

This videocast will provide a walkthrough of two ways to formulate a MIP, present an example port, and discuss port operations.


Featuring Dan Gilmore, Editor along with Dr. Evan Shellshear, Head of Analytics, Biarri.

Now Available On Demand

On Demand Videocast:

A Blueprint for WMS Implementation Success
 


If You Want a Successful WMS Project, You will Find the Blueprint in this Excellent Broadcast


This videocast lays out the keys to ensuring your WMS implementation goes smoothly, involves minimal pain, and accelerates time to value.



Featuring Dan Gilmore, Editor along with Todd Kovi of Radix Consulting and Dinesh Dongre of Softeon.


Now Available On Demand

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SUPPLY CHAIN TRIVIA ANSWER

Q: What are the Top 5 US Companies in Terms of Size of Their Private Fleets?

 

A:1. PepsiCo; 2. Sysco; 3. Walmart; 4. Halliburton; 5. US Foods

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