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Focus: Sourcing/Procurement

Feature Article from Our Sourcing and Procurement Subject Area - See All

From SCDigest's On-Target e-Magazine

- Nov. 27, 2013 -

 
Supply Chain News: The Timeless Procurement Challenge of Supplier Price versus Cost

 

Need to Understand Cost Drivers at Suppliers, and Manage for Total Supply Chain Costs

 

SDigest Editorial Staff 

 

Most supply managers understand that a supplier's unit price does not necessarily equal that vendor/item's total cost to the buying organization.

But understanding does not necessarily mean adopting the principles. Most procurement organizations still measure supply management effectiveness based on unit cost changes, not improvements in total supply chain costs. And few really understand what drives a supplier's own supply chain costs.

SCDigest Says:

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As buyers begin supplier price-cost management analysis, they start to look at cost structures, or what the real cost drivers are that effect the price the supplier charges.

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The retail sector is a prime example of this, where the idea of measuring "total through costs" for a given vendor/product has been around for a long time, meaning including total supply chain and handling costs in measuring item profitability, but the common sense idea has never really caught on.

Several years, SCDigest did a classic interview with Dr. Ed Marien on this topic of "Supplier Price-Cost Management." Marien was for many years at the University of Wisconsin, and after that has his own consulting firm, Marien & Associates.

 

Those thoughts from 2007 are still just as relevant today as they were then.

 

Supply Chain Digest: What is the concept of Supplier Price-Cost Management all about?

Marien: Well, there are three things in that title. First "suppliers" - companies responsible for keeping buyers in the supply of products when needed at the right cost. Second "Price-Cost" - the two terms go together. There are several aspects of price, of course, but the key concept has to do with looking holistically at the buyer's side of costs, not just the supplier's price. It's obviously not only purchase and delivery price that matters, but your internal costs for acquiring, managing and using that product or service.

Finally, there's "management": that means really understanding these price-cost trade-offs, and dedicating the resources to do so effectively. It's not just sending your buyers out to get the best price, it's also giving them the training and support they need to go out and get a better understanding of cost.

Supply Chain Digest: How well is this concept understood among procurement and purchasing practitioners?

Marien: The high majority of buyers look at the job they do as being one of going out and getting the best price. They equate price paid with the cost to the firm, and they are not identifying the elements of cost that are in the supplier's price, and then also not analyzing the internal costs the buyer experiences in purchasing and using the item.

Supply Chain Digest: Give us an example.

Marien: Sure, just take something as simple as buying a product "FOB Delivered," meaning you are buying the good with a delivered price. Right there, as you begin to look at the delivered price, there are often opportunities to analyze and negotiate to ultimately end up with a lower total cost.

A lot of buyers will say, "I don't want to mess with all these cost components, I just want to buy it delivered. Give me your best price at my door." What that often allows a supplier to do is to pad the cost elements to come up with that delivered price without breaking out all the price elements.

If I go further, you can look at the cost of carrying inventory. Say the supplier sells in quantities of 100, but you only need 10, so you buy the 100, use 10, and keep the other 90 in inventory for awhile. Obviously, the buyer is increasing its total costs by carrying that inventory.

Supply Chain Digest: What prevents companies and buyers from thinking in these terms? Is it a skill set issue, a role definition issue, a mind set…?

Marien: Part of it is clearly related to skills. Buyers have often just not been trained to analyze total cost of ownership. I'll give you another example of that.

As buyers begin supplier price-cost management analysis, they start to look at cost structures, or what the real cost drivers are that effect the price the supplier charges.

There is labor, materials, energy, R&D expense, other overhead, etc., all the elements that go into their costs. Many buyers don't have the skill sets to break down the cost of the product, breaking down the total value added costs of making and delivering the product.

A second thing is that as buyers go through the requisition and supplier selection process, many have little say in the specifications for the things that they are buying. They are passing along a requisition - in some cases, the ultimate user of the product may even have identified the supplier.

So, the buyer may have little opportunity to impact the supplier selection process. They don't have the opportunity to evaluate the requirements and look for alternative sources, break down the cost elements, and determine what is the lowest total cost.


(Sourcing and Procurement Article Continues Below)

CATEGORY SPONSOR: SOFTEON

 

A related area is whether the buyers and the users or requisitioners have taken the time to really understand what the total product-service needs are. They may just be dealing with the technical specs of what is being requisitioned, and dictate those specs to suppliers, who don't have the opportunity to use their creative juices in meeting performance requirements.

So, why don't companies take a more structured approach to price-cost analysis? It's a combination of frankly skill sets and expediency. They need to get things for users, and don't have the time and right training to do the proper analysis.

 

Supply Chain Digest: It's partly a role definition or "turf' issue too though, isn't it?

Marien: I agree, and it's even more true as you look further into supplier's cost structure but also the buyer's own cost drivers.

For example, think about implementing vendor or supplier managed inventory VMI programs or what I like to call SAMI—Supplier Assistance in Managing Inventories. In SAMI, what you begin to do is take an activity-based costing (ABC) or ABM (activity-based management) approach. In reviewing the "as is" process of sourcing products and services, the parties to the overall process review what tasks are being done by the supplier, within the buyer's company and by third-party intermediaries.

Often tasks are redundant and non value-add. The task is to determine what is the lowest total cost solution and assign tasks to those parties that can most effectively and efficiently provide users with the products and services needed to get the job done. You have to look at economic trade-offs between the supplier, buyer and intermediaries to meet performance specs.

Supply Chain Digest: Who are these third-party intermediaries?

Marien: Third-parties include procurement, logistics and information technology providers plus traditional distributors involved in channels of distribution and today's supply chains.

Supply Chain Digest: Please sum up the interview so far for our readers.

Marien: As you get into more complex strategic sourcing relationships, it takes a higher skill level and also a higher level of teamwork to make the right decisions. Purchasing and Supply Management specialists need to understand the role of total costs and not just prices in making sourcing decisions. Various alternative cost models depend upon how firms are strategically sourcing products and services. The payoff can be huge if buyers gain understanding of alternative price/cost models.

Part 2 of our interview with Dr. Marien will continue in next week's issue of Supply Chain Digest On-Target.

Any reaction to any of the stories in our procurement news round-up this week? Let us know your thoughts at the Feedback button or section below.




Recent Feedback

Excellent article.  I teach these same concepts in my Purchasing course.  Many mid-size companies do not have purchasing people who understand how to use these concepts.


Herb Shields
Adjunct Professor
Illinois Institute of Technology
Dec, 11 2013
 
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