Only when companies buy an off-the-shelf machine that can be plugged-in and turned-on do they get instantaneous savings following the lump sum investment. For custom designed system projects like ACP, the costs for engineering, progress payments and installation are typically spread over 1 to 2 years, before the operation can even begin. Only then can the company start to enjoy the productivity gains and resultant savings.
A lot can happen, and usually does over that period of time. So, it's important to factor in things like cost escalation and the inevitable delayed start-up. Start-up delays are perhaps the most common, and most insidious, project event. The loss of expected savings in the first year, probably accompanied by additional costs for de-bugging and work-around operations, can drop the ROI below what would have been approved in the first place.
Other common ways to disrupt a project's return include cost escalation, change orders, and/or overruns. By the time you finally get things up and running, you may have spent more than the originally justified investment. Although cost overruns certainly do affect the ROI, unless they are extreme, there impact is typically less painful than a project delay.
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