Reverse Auction: Perhaps the quintessential e-procurement tool, reverse auctions are a form of RFQ or RFP where vendors submit multiple bids for the buyer's business, online and during a short time period – sometimes as little as 20-30 minutes. Reverse-auction sites can be and often are configured to show each vendor where its bid is relative to others, increasing the competitive feel and sometimes resulting in a last minute bidding frenzy. Gartner says a key feature is the ability to close out bids during a multi-line item event at the individual line item level.
Forward Auction: This is used for the disposal of excess or obsolete materials. Although this task is not typically the responsibility of the procurement organization, because the functionality required to support forward auctions is similar enough to the reverse auction, with the bids a “buy” price rather than a “sell” price, the Reverse Auction tools can be used.
Optimization: The capability to enforce a set of business rules, such as "Award 20% of this order to the incumbent vendor" and "Award this business to no more than three vendors," to recommend different award scenarios. Optimization is used mostly in conjunction with RFPs, and generally calls for requirements to be input at the line-item level in the RFP, rather than specified in an attachment.
Spend Analysis: This capability assembles spending transaction data from disparate systems, identifies and matches duplicate records, and enhances the data with granular classification for reporting purposes. Spend analysis can be delivered as an application or service.
Contract Management: This application creates a searchable repository of contracts. Good functionality will support templates for contract creation and alerts for contract administration. Heavyweight tools feature clause libraries, red-line-based authoring and use across multiple contract types, including sales.
Supply Base Management: Gartner says this type of module represents the newest element of a sourcing suite, and involves functionality to track supplier qualification and performance. The creation and publication of regular supplier scorecards is typically the focus of this, and it can also be used to monitor and enforce various supplier criteria for ethical performance, “green-ness,” etc.
Most of these applications can now be delivered on-line or as a “software as a service” model. In some cases, that also makes it easier for companies to use specific functionality to meet a particular need, rather than consider an entire suite.
With the opportunities to reduce total spend, and the upward inflationary pressure across a number of purchasing categories, sourcing software remains a hot commodity itself.
What would you add to this framework of sourcing and e-procurement applications? What trends do you see in sourcing and procurement applications? Let us know your thoughts at the Feedback button below. |