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  Manufacturing Focus: Our Weekly Feature Article on Topics Related to Manufacturing Management  
 
 
  - April 1, 2008 -  

Supply Chain News: To get a Lean Supply Chain, You’ll Likely Need a Little Yokoten

 
 

Lack of Knowledge Transfer Can Often Explain Differences in Lean Success Between Sites; Do the Managers Know How to Learn?

 
 

 

SCDigest Editorial Staff

SCDigest Says:
Yokoten is a two-way street, requiring proactive effort from both those acquiring and developing the knowledge and those who could benefit from greater understanding of the requirements for success.

Click Here to See Reader Feedback

James Womack, who coined the term “Lean Manufacturing” as co-author of the book “The Machine that Changed the World” in 1990, describing the Toyota Production System, recently recounted an interesting tale.

Now president of the Lean Institute, Womack noted in one of his blogs that he recently visited two sites, just miles apart, of a single company, both of which were involved in aggressive Lean initiatives. Womack, however, saw very different results between the two facilities in terms of Lean success.

“At the first, I found high levels of technical knowledge, a clear transformation plan involving a change in management behavior, and a high level of energy,” Womack said. “At the second, I found some technical knowledge, but no management insights about needed changes in behavior and no effective transformation plan. This was despite both facilities having listed "lean transformation" as their top priority for the year.”

The key factor: “Yokoten,", the term Toyota adopted to capture the idea of horizontal transfer of information and knowledge across an organization.

Importantly, Yokoten is a two-way street, requiring proactive effort from both those acquiring and developing the knowledge and those who could benefit from greater understanding of the requirements for success.

In Womack’s view, the facility making progress was somehow not sharing its learning with the other facility despite reporting to the same higher-level management and being only a few miles away, while the lagging facility was somehow unaware of how to learn.

The learning component is really at the core of Yokoten. It does not imply the “copy exactly” method, which some companies, such as Intel, have used in the approach to Lean and best practices. That is a more “top down” approach.

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Yokoten implies a more horizontal, “peer-to-peer” model in which new adopters are encouraged to go and see for themselves what others are doing, apply those learnings appropriately to their situation, and drive continuous improvement by expanding on the previous knowledge, in turn sharing it with others.

Regardless of your path on the Lean journey, focusing on the accumulation and transfer of knowledge and learnings as embodied in the concept of Yokoten can have a tremendous impact on the overall results and success of the Lean programs.

How important is “Yokoten” in terms of overall Lean success?  What are the barriers to Lean knowledge accumulation and transfer? How has your company made it work? Let us know your thoughts at the Feedback button below.

 
     
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Feedback
2008-04-08

April 8, 2008

I see the natural competition among different business units or facilities having overlapping product lines as a serious obstacle to Yokoten.  In fact, the distinction between natural competition and Yokoten suggests a kind of tradeoff analysis for corporate management.  On the one hand, corporate may prefer to allow (encourage?) natural competition, as this creates performance incentives for local management, but on the other hand local management is less likely to share information if doing so means losing position vis-a-vis their internal competitors.  I have seen this in more than one company, and it is even worse when the competing facilities are in different countries, where cross-cultural differences exacerbate the sense of competition.

One may prefer not to see this as a tradeoff, instead preferring to eliminate the natural competition altogether, in favor of Yokoten.  In this case it becomes necessary somehow to guarantee a safe arena in which falling behind an internal competitor results not in losing face but in a sense of collective failure for all differential outcomes.  But, in turn, this suggests that corporate management has a responsibility to share information with local management, so that differential outcomes that are the result of (say) market forces (such as new actual competitors) rather than local performance are made available to shield failing managers from undue loss of face when the fault was not theirs.

Put another way, I do not see Yokoten as being effective unless it is integrated vertically as well as horizontally within an organization (especially within a supply chain).  Standards of openness and sharing can be defeated when even one cheater still exists.  Truly, the idea of Yokoten requires a thorough change in corporate culture (if not human nature).

Jason Richardson-White



 
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Lean   Managing effectively   Manufacturing   Lean   Managing effectively   Manufacturing


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